"Cynthia began working for a regional office XYZ. Her brother, Clyde, happened to own a company selling office supplies to XYZ. Although Cynthia was fully aware that Clyde’s company conducted business with her employer, she never mentioned this to her colleagues. ( APPARENT CoI). Occasionally, she processed purchases from Clyde’s company at the request of her supervisor, but at this initial stage, Cynthia wasn’t involved in awarding business to her brother’s company. After she processed orders for Clyde’s company for some time, Cynthia realized that she was able to influence the awarding of business to her brother; she even became a director of his company. (POTENTIAL CoI) She then took advantage of her incoming supervisor’s inexperience to begin allocating business to Clyde’s company more frequently. Furthermore, she would also intercept purchase requisitions meant for more junior procurement colleagues and tell them to make the purchase from her brother’s company. The new supervisor was happy to let Cynthia run things because it reduced his workload. However, he failed to realize that his inaction allowed Cynthia to direct business toward her brother’s company, even though it was more expensive than competitors." ( ACTUAL CoI)
Her company fired her and dropped Clyde’s company as a supplier."
Luca Cordero di Montezemolo is one of the former of "NTV" (an Italian train company). It was apparent conflict of interest when he tried to become president of the italian flight company "Alitalia". It was potential conflict of interest when he became Alitalia's president, due to the competition between trains and planes especially for the road Rome-Milan. Finally it was actual conflict of interest because Luca Cordero di Montezemolo is also a shareolder of the company Unicredit (He has the 12.9% of the firm) which has around 140 millions of credits from Alitalia.
A women called Cynthia, began to working for a regional office of a multinational corporation. Her brother,Clyde, own a company which sells supplies to that firm.She was aware about some affairs between the Clyde's company and one employer of hers but she didn't reveal her conflict of interest. Once she became the assistant of the procurement department she bought supplies from her brother's company without mentioned it. She bought staff for some time, she realized that she was able to influence the awarding of business to her brother,(she began the director of that company). After different events,she was fired from the society and the company stopped having Clyde's company as supplier.
This case shows how and apparent conflict of interest (in this case a relation between siblings could appear form other parties as a conflict of interest)might develop in something more dangerous as the corruption. So it is important to be honest and declare even if it apparent because , as the example above it could be a risk for the firm itself and for the person involved in the conflict.
As Eric Cantor last week negotiated an increase in the federal debt ceiling, he had between $1,000 and $15,000 invested in a fund that aggressively shorts US bonds, according to his latest financial disclosure statement. If Congress fails to raise the debt ceiling and the US defaults, the value of that investment would skyrocket—in fact, it’s already up 3.3% since Cantor walked away from negotiations on Thursday, Jonathan Easley of Salon writes. The investment makes up a relatively small part of the millionaire congressman’s assets, and a spokesman stresses that Cantor also holds a lot of Treasury bonds. But the investment still represents an unseemly conflict of interest, one Motley Fool writer says. “We can only guess how much he understands about what’s in his portfolio, but you’d think a politician would know better. It looks bad.”
This is both a situation of apparent and actual conflict of interest. The potential conflict of interest was when congressman Cantor had to decide whether to leave or not the House of Representatives because of negotiations.
Lotito is the president of the society Società Sportiva Lazio (SSL), a football club which plays in the Italian Serie A. However, he is also the owner of Unione Sportiva Salernitana (another football team), together with Marco Mezzaroma. Salernitana, thanks to Lotito, was able to win several championships, and the last year they obtained a prestigious goal: the pass for the Serie B, the second most important league in Italy. If they win the championship and, at the same time, Lazio is not relegated, the two teams will play in the same league. The risk is that Claudio Lotito could choose only one primary interest of the two clubs, damaging unavoidably the other primary interest. Consequently, first of all there is a potential CoI, in the case in which the two clubs would be in the same league. Secondly, this interest could turn into actual if the situation becomes real: in an official match Lotito could ask one team to lose, in the interest of the strongest team, but missing the primary interest of the weakest team. This would also be in contrast with the principle of loyalty of sport, because other Serie A teams could be seriously damaged by combined results. However, I think this is in contrast with the rules of FIGC ( Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio), and so against the law. Thirdly, there is also a situation of apparent conflict of interest: some players from SSL have been sent to Salernitana in order to become stronger and prepared for the Serie A, so that they can return back to Lazio. Was this in the interest of both Lazio and Salernitana? Or maybe these players could have had better opportunities following different paths? Many people asks themselves: is Lotito currently acting with a honest and correct behaviour? There could be a situation of CoI.
A situation of conflict of interest is the one of the Italian “Minister of Infrastructure and Transport”, Lupi. In fact this minister found a job for his son, Luca Lupi, through the, now ex, director of the Ministry of Infrastructure, Incalza. Because of the fact that Luca Lupi was hired, we can say that Incalza had an actual conflict of interest and an opportunistic behavior. Luca Lupi graduated with honors (as we in Italian say: “110 e lode”) so this situation was not necessary, Luca would have probably found easily a job without this conflict of interests.
Newser: From a PBS exec's husband who defended the station's funding to a congressman who sought tax breaks for racehorse owners before buying seven horses: A Washington Post investigation finds 73 members of Congress who have recently sponsored or co-sponsored bills that help industries to which they have personal ties. And the lawmakers aren't blind to potential conflicts of interest: They check in with ethics committee lawyers thousands of times per year. But these communications rarely seek to dissuade legislators from their goals; in fact, they typically help justify the efforts. This is the case of an actual conflict of interest that at the end turned into a real form of corruption.
Gianni Alemanno, former mayor of Rome, hired more than 2000 people that he directly knew while he was in charge. This happened for Atac and Ama two non-profit companies that are in charge of picking up the trash and providing transportation services. This is a perfect example of actual Conflict of interest, even though he has not been charged yet
A situation of conflict of interest is the one that concerns the election of Renato Soru as the president of Regione Sardegna in 2004. This situation implies a Col since Soru was in that time the founder and owner of the telecommunication company Tiscali. We can simply find the 3 elements that characterize a Col: the primary interest ( direct in the best way the Region managing it with efficiency and effectiveness, the secondary interest( promote Tiscali among the public bodies of the Region), the secondary interest could interfere with the primary one in all the occasions that expects the assignment of competition announcements for telecommunications. In this case the Col was apparent: since he was the owner of Tiscali anybody could think Soru would be acting in order to promote his firm going to the detriment of the Region. The Col was also actual because being elected as the president of Sardinia he felt the necessity of selling the majority share of his company. We can also define this Col potential because Renato Soru was anyway owning the 27.5 % of Tiscali and therefore in decisions concerning the field of telecommunications he could be strongly biased.
1) http://www.corriere.it/opinioni/12_gennaio_16/fregonara-nepotismo-recordman-bari_490363ec-4027-11e1-a5d2-75a8a88b1277.shtml The director of the University of Bari Aldo Moro hired 12 among his relatives. It was the case of a potencial CoI right before he hired any relative. I personally think that in this case Apparent and Actual CoI overlap and it was since the first relative was hired.
''Hill-Skin '' was a Israel company for healing wounds. CEO of Hill-healing skin wounds, Dr. Tammy Tannenbaum, claims that she was fired in bad faith by the Company's shareholders, led by Arkin Holdings Corporation. Tenenbaum filed suit in the District Labor Court in Tel Aviv, where she declared that she was dismissed because of a conflict of interest became a major investor in the company, Mori Arkin, also invests in other companies in the field of wound healing. She says Arkin interested empty the Hill-skin of its assets to strengthen its two other companies. After few years the company closed because she didn't achieve her goals.
One of the situations of conflict of interest is the Italian prime minister Berlusconi. He's an entrepreneur since he owned private tv channels such as Mediaset and some newspapers. Later,he got nominated prime minister while he was still owning private tv channels(potential situation). This is the case of an actual conflict of interest because he made a low in favor of the private channels,increasing his interests and having the chance to do compaign advertising even though he had a public office.
The italian Minister of Costiututional Reforms Maria Elena Boschi is the vicepresident's daughter of Banca Popolare dell'Etruria and del Lazio and her Brother too works in this bank. For that reason she bought 1557 shares. This is a clear example of actual conflict of interest because even if she knew that she was a Minister she had an opportunistic behaviour and the second interest prevailed on the primary.
The actual conflict of interest that I chose is related to one of the Italian parties, la Lega Nord. In this case, one of the most important politicians of this party, Umberto Bossi, took about 303.000 euro from the public funding of his party for paying the university to his son. In this case there was a conflict of interest because politicians should use public money of their funding to improve and promote their parties while in this case Bossi used that money for his personal purposes.
There are many companies in the world : when a person who possess a small or more parts power (for example : a management ) in the firm ,in this position ,their relatives may can working for the firm because of the relationship between them . (self-conflict of interest or apparent).On the one hand, if the person who are competent for the situation ,it comes into being any positive influents in the company . So we can say that recommending a talent.On the other hand , if the person who are not competent for the situation ,it comes into being any problems in a way .So , it engenders any negative effects for that .As the proverb said : Cannot adhere to their own work.Therefore ,this is a potential conflict of interest .But it can become a actual conflict of interest for a long-term .
The actual conflict of interest in Russia was connected with former mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov and his wife, Elena Baturina, who was a owner of the building company "Inteko". On the instructions of Luzhkov in Moscow was demolished about 400 old buildings, part of which was built in the 17th century, and in their place were built elegant houses of steel and glass. Firms owned by Baturina allotted for construction sites, whose total area is 400 hectares, and they received a huge profit in the implementation of giant projects. Thus, the company "Inteko" participated in the implementation of the prestigious project of Luzhkov - the building of trading-office centre "Moscow-city". Only in the field of commercial real estate until 2012 envisages investments in the amount of four billion dollars.
But that's not all. Baturina has received from the city's numerous orders for the construction of housing, and several years ago it controlled a quarter of the construction of new residential buildings in the Russian capital. She was often able to translate cheap protected zones in expensive site for the construction and implies the presence in the city a special relationship to the company. Profitable orders Luzhkov's wife received also in St. Petersburg and Sochi.
The actual conflict of interest in Russia was connected with former mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov and his wife, Elena Baturina, who was a owner of the building company "Inteko". On the instructions of Luzhkov in Moscow was demolished about 400 old buildings, part of which was built in the 17th century, and in their place were built elegant houses of steel and glass. Firms owned by Baturina allotted for construction sites, whose total area is 400 hectares, and they received a huge profit in the implementation of giant projects. Thus, the company "Inteko" participated in the implementation of the prestigious project of Luzhkov - the building of trading-office centre "Moscow-city". Only in the field of commercial real estate until 2012 envisages investments in the amount of four billion dollars.
But that's not all. Baturina has received from the city's numerous orders for the construction of housing, and several years ago it controlled a quarter of the construction of new residential buildings in the Russian capital. She was often able to translate cheap protected zones in expensive site for the construction and implies the presence in the city a special relationship to the company. Profitable orders Luzhkov's wife received also in St. Petersburg and Sochi.
The stocks of rating agencies like Moody's or Standars&Poor are held by many big firms of the american capitalism. The conflict of interest occurs by the fact that the companies who possess those shares are analysed by the same rating agencies. So, it is an actual conflict of interest when, for example, a bank owns the shares of S&P and asks to this agency to evaluate them when they have to issue bonds.
Pietro Lunardi has been indicted for a conflict of interest: as minister of public works, he would have had the interest to steer the state decisions, in order to facilitate his family's companies, as Rocksoil and Tre Esse, involved in the planning and the realization of few sectors of the high speed railway network (TAV). But, in order to discredit these prosecutions and above all to avoid the possible conflict of interests, he has stated that Rocksoil company would operate exclusively in foreign countries. This is an example of potential conflict of interest.
The Accounting firm KPMG in 2001 managed the Financial Statement of a company called Xerox, a huge company that sells business and document services. KPMG helped Xeorx to hide a gap of 3 billion in the revenues that were wrongly included in the financial statement, and the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States found put and fined them both for millions. In this case the potential conflict of interest rises in the moment Xerox wants to hire KPMG. We have an apparent conflict of interest when KPMG manages the data of the firm that is paying for its services, and the actual conflict of interest occurs when they falsify the financial statement, being not only unethical but also against the law.
Hilmar – together with Bernhard Wolf (1935– 2012) – submitted a paper on Nova Cygni 1975 to a refereed journal. It took more than six months to get the paper accepted, thanks to a very slow and anonymous peer reviewing round. But Hilmar later discovered that a competing paper had been submitted to another journal, about two months before the acceptance date of his own work. Finding out the name of an anonymous peer reviewer can be notoriously difficult, except in this specific case because the unsigned referee report had been typed on paper that carried the watermark of the referee’s institute. Hilmar could only conclude that he and his coauthor had been the victim of undisclosed conflict of interest on the part of the referee. I think that every person who reads this story, as external person, would judge this episode as a conflict of interest ( Apparent). This is also a case of actual COI because there are some victims.
In my home country, we have a famous restaurant named “三哥米線”and there are 10 more shop in hong kong。 Because of a secondary interest by a manager (owners), he hired his brother to help a company. After few years, the brother quitted the position and be starting to open a same restaurant in hong kong. As a result, the original one was closed year by year. In this case, we can find out the apparent conflict of interest - the brother was hired to help a restaurant the potential conflict interest - the brother may know all of organization the actual conflict of interest - the brother copied the business
When a politician buys a media firm like a journal or a private television there's a potential CoI in the sense that the news could be manoeuvred, the CoI becomes apparent when a relevant news is put on the first page but not necessarily because of "political decisions" and this becomes actual CoI when the news is put first than another more relevant one only because the media has to follow a certain (political) communication strategy.
The president and the director of ISS (Istituto nazionale di Sanità), Walter Ricciardi and Angelo Lino Del Favero, are also members of the scientific committee of a private company that deals with the digital health. They should think about public responsibilities without taking initiatives with different purposes. This is an example of potential conflict of interest.
The situation of CoI that I choose is relative to Emma Marcecaglia and her presidency at Eni. During the 2014 year,Matteo Renzi selected as president of Eni Emma Marcegaglia,who was and is also Vice Chairman chied executive officer of Marcegaglia spa (that is the leading industrial group worldwide in the steel processing sector, with a yearly output of over 5 million tons). Many people thought that there could be an apparent conflict of interest,because she could will have two different roles,appairing to be in CoI,without knowing that Marceglia Spa has done since 8 years a contract with Edison,for the forniture of electric energy.
A legislator with influence over the institution's budget allocation seeks a government relations director's help getting his daughter admitted into a selective program from which she has been initially rejected. (This is a potential conflict between the interests of an institution and its constituents.)
In August Monica Paolino was elected president of the Commissione Antimafia of the Campania region. It was an apparent conflict of interest when the italian senator Rosaria Capacchione claimed that her appointment was surreal. After a month from her election she was accused of aiding and abetting the mafia and her husband Aliberti, mayor of Scafati, was accused of mafia association and so Monica Paolino had to resign; the conflict of interest had become actual and evident.
An obvious case of potential conflict of interest occured this year when the Marco Polo Industrial holding spa launched an "opa" ( public acquiring offer) on Pirelli company. The entities involved in the conflict of interest are Intesa Sanpaolo and Unicredit banks which have 3 roles in this operation, they are both financiers, mediators and business partners with Marco Polo company but they are also the main creditors of Pirelli group. It is potential conflict of interest 'till the operation is on progress but it will become ACTUAL in the case of a successful operation.
One of the most important and known conflict of interest is the historical and still actual one between USA-Russia. Russia and the United States maintain diplomatic relations, but in 2014, already strained relations between Russia and the U.S., as well as other countries allied with the U.S., greatly deteriorated due to the Ukrainian crisis and the Syrian Civil War, which caused observers to characterize those as assuming an adversarial nature, or the advent of Cold War II, with mutual trade and investment being significantly restricted. Despite the tensions between both countries, the United States and Russia are still willing to cooperate and work together on international issues such as security and international peace.
Expo 2015 is famous for several scandals. One if those regards the culture minister Franceschini and his counselor Stefano Ceci. Ceci created a company one week before that the Spanish society "Explora" would have decided to who give the contract for the creation of a website where people could buy the tickets to get into Expo 2015. It is a conflict of interest because Ceci was a friend of the minister too, so the minister in just one week made him the favour to ensure him that work. It could have been a potential conflict of interest for example if Ceci would have had his company for a long period of time and work for minister too. It could have been an apparent conflict of interest if the winner of the work would have had the same name of Francesco Ceci.
Minister for reforms Maria Elena Boschi, the daughter of a banker, just elected was in a state of apparent conflict of interest because of her role. Later, with his decree in favor of listing the small and medium banks,her found herself in a situation of potential conflict of interest, which has become real since the father had acquired some shares in other small banks a few weeks before the decree and therefore benefited (earning million) of the written law of his daughter (Minister Boschi).
The government body INGV, Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia is in charge of monitoring and evaluating the seismic risk of determinate areas on the earth. It is clear a potential conflict of interest due to the fact that the INGV also offers advising services to private companies that extract oil, whose affairs are strongly related to the opinion of INGV itself. The potential conflict of interest resulted evident when it was found out in 2015 that the Cogeid (a company of oil extracting), asked the INGV an opinion about extracting oil in Irpinia region, notoriously a risky region for earthquakes. Here is the COI, that is still only potential and not actual: The Ingv is paid by Cogeid, whose profit is determined by Ingv choice.
Claudio Lotito is the owner of SS Lazio, a football team wich plays in Serie A. Lotito is also the owner of a cleaning company. There was a potential CoI beacuse his company might work for "himself". Now what seems to be "potential" is become apparent and actual. Infact the cleaning company works in the headquarters of SS Lazio, and we can assert that a part of Lazio's incomes are used to give wages to employees, and also to Lotito.
Silvio Berlusconi was both in apparent and actual conflict of interest when he was Italy's prime minister. He owns MONDADORI, one of Italy’s biggest press and publishing groups, and Mediaset, which has three commercial TV stations. At the same time, as head of government, he was also able to wield great influence over RAI, Italy’s state-owned TV broadcaster. So he basically controlled the majority of the media.
Giulio Tremonti was Minister of Economy and Finance in the Government Berlusconi II (2001-2004), Berlusconi III (2005-2006) and Berlusconi IV (2008-2011). In these years he was also the head of the “Agenzia delle Entrate" (= Internal revenue Service) which is one of the most important public institutions against fiscal evasion in Italy. However in the same period he was driving one of the most powerful private tax office, called “Tremonti and partners” that operated exactly in the same field of the Agenzia delle Entrate. Before he was definitely appointed leader of the “Agenzia delle Entrete” the conflict of interest was only potencial. It became actual (and not only apparent) when he started to manage two of the most important Italian organizations, public (Agenzia delle Entrete) and private (Tremonti and partners).
The maths professor Amato of a liceo scientifico near rome rated badly his students in order to give the possibility to his son to get money from reps he offers to those students. It is an apparent coi just seeing that the son of the teacher gives reps to students of his father. It is a potential one because the father has to put marks to his students, so becoming actual in the decision making.
The maths professor Amato of a liceo scientifico near rome rated badly his students in order to give the possibility to his son to get money from reps he offers to those students. It is an apparent coi just seeing that the son of the teacher gives reps to students of his father. It is a potential one because the father has to put marks to his students, so becoming actual in the decision making.
"Thomas receives under the consulting agreement, this could also represent a financial conflict of interest. Prof. Thomas has agreed to use his graduate students and presumably his university laboratory for the consulting work and therefore for his personal benefit. This is a clear and direct conflict of interest. In addition, despite the justification that this work could benefit the students, it is distracting them from their degree-related activities and, if they are paid by sponsored project funding, from their responsibilities as university employees. Prof. Thomas, by acting in his own self-interest is also violating his responsibilities as a mentor to his students. Moreover Mary Smith is placing herself in a conflict of interest with her university responsibility "
Dr. Eric Schmidt Resigns from Apple’s Board of Directors At August 3, 2009—Apple® announced that Dr. Eric Schmidt, chief executive officer of Google, is resigning from Apple’s Board of Directors, a position he has held since August 2006.
“Eric has been an excellent Board member for Apple, investing his valuable time, talent, passion and wisdom to help make Apple successful,” said Steve Jobs, Apple’s CEO. “Unfortunately, as Google enters more of Apple’s core businesses, with Android and now Chrome OS, Eric’s effectiveness as an Apple Board member will be significantly diminished, since he will have to recuse himself from even larger portions of our meetings DUE TO A POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTERESTS . Therefore, we have mutually decided that now is the right time for Eric to resign his position on Apple’s Board.”
Apple ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the Macintosh. Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning computers, OS X operating system and iLife and professional applications. Apple is also spearheading the digital media revolution with its iPod portable music and video players and iTunes online store, and has entered the mobile phone market with its revolutionary iPhone.
What is present in my football team is an example of conflict of interest even if we are not talking about economic field. At the beginning of the season, the president builts the team , not buying any football player in the role his son plays, because in this way he hasn't any competition . In addition, The president obliged the coach to put his son in the first eleven squad even if he doesn't deserve it. It's an anethical behaviour and a clear conflict of interest, because the president doesn't follow the primary interest of the team but follows a secondary interest.
The conflict of interests is the main instrument of widespread corruption in Italy. The event more clamorous of conflict of interest concerns the former prime minister Berlusconi; he passed laws in favor his economic, justice and political interests.
The conflict of interest in Nigeria is now a usual thing.I will take my example from the Mtn company which is a network services and owns branches most places in Africa. I can say that if you don't have connections with the managers , it's very difficult to work there , not looking at your qualifications. It's a conflict of interest because 1)it's influenced by relatives which is the secondary interest ,they at most times take a person because of the relationship and not because of his or her qualifications to help achieve his goal in the company (apparent conflict of interest ) 2)A person who has a better qualification can stay unemployed while the unqualified sit and collect salary. And no one want to help you get in .because of their guilt and afraid of replacement.
http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/10/09/poste-il-conflitto-dinteressi-della-presidente-todini-e-nel-consiglio-di-rothschild-consulente-per-privatizzazione/2113067/ (in Italian) In this story the conflict of interest arises since the actual chairman of "Poste Italiane", Laura Todini, is at the same time part of the board of Rothschild bank which was the advisor that accompanied the group (Poste Italiane) to his IPO (Initial Public Offer). This double relationship can be seen both as conflict of commitment and conflict of interest; in the latter case we can recognize a potential and apparent CoI in the double charge but not an actual because she is not in charge of any operative task at Rothschild bank.
http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/10/09/poste-il-conflitto-dinteressi-della-presidente-todini-e-nel-consiglio-di-rothschild-consulente-per-privatizzazione/2113067/ (in Italian) In this story the conflict of interest arises since the actual chairman of "Poste Italiane", Laura Todini, is at the same time part of the board of Rothschild bank which was the advisor that accompanied the group (Poste Italiane) to his IPO (Initial Public Offer). This double relationship can be seen both as conflict of commitment and conflict of interest; in the latter case we can recognize a potential and apparent CoI in the double charge but not an actual because she is not in charge of any operative task at Rothschild bank.
Maria Elena Boschi is one of the ministers of the italian government. She has a situation of potential conflict of interests when Her father Pierluigi, was on the board of directors of Banca Etruria in 2011, and from 2014 he served as vice president of the institution, role lapsed following the commissioner of government. In the bank also worked the brother Maria Elena Boschi, Emanuele and she bought 1557 shares. It becomes actual conflict of interest when she approved a measure in order to saves CariFerrara, Banca Marche, Banca Popolare Etruria and Lazio and CariChieti creating 4 new banks, cleaning up the credit institutions that are unable to get back to zero and the value of shares and bonds subordinated
A case of conflict of interest occurred with the case Marcegaglia; she is an important italian entrepreneur that is the CEO of her family's business that it is involved within the steel industry. During the period of government of the prime minister Matteo Renzi, Emma Marcegaglia was appointed as the president of ENI. The steel business of the Marcegaglia's family jointly with the first company in the same industry made an offer to acquire ILVA. The only problem ws that ILVA had lots of debts and in order to overcome them, the company was split in the production part and in the liquidation company part, the italian governement joined into this acquisition to solve the debt so that the production part of ILVA company was acquired by Marcegaglia's industry. The only problem in that ILVA needs a lot of energy to work and it is provided by a company with its same CEO: Emma Marcegaglia. So she will buy energy by Eni as ILVA and she will sell energy to ILVA as Eni. In this case we have an actual conflict of intrest.
Luke McLean is the number 15 of the Italian National Rugby Team and he is engaged with the daughter of the actual President of the “Federazione Italiana Rugby “. So in this case is an actual conflict of interest even if could be thought as a potential one.
Sports, like any other business, involve numerous financial transactions and value-in-kind trades that often tempt conflict of interest by individuals within an organization. However, more subtly in sports are the non-tangible conflicts that frequently occur. For example, it’s not uncommon for volunteer organizations to select a chairperson to oversee a working committee that distributes funds and/or services to a team or sport. And more often than not, somehow the organization that is affiliated with the Chair tends to receive the best financial allocation that the committee has to offer. Another example is in team selection where the Head coach might arbitrarily pick his or her athlete to complete a relay roster position when the organization’s policy is to conduct an objective training camp to pick the team.
The prime minister of Pakistan Nawaz Shareef has given all main post of ministries to his families members.His brother is chief minister of one province.His daughter also holds main financial program.This will be the best example.
It was apparent conflict of interest when Umberto Bossi president of one of the largest italian parties : the so known Lega Nord, wanted to gave his sons Riccardo and Renzo Bossi important roles in the party, it was potential conflict of interest when, once they have been hired they were managing the funds of the party and it became actual conflict of interest when they lost in tribunal for being sued of stealing 44 millions from the party's fund deposit, defrauding the State.
Verginel Gireada is a member of the Romanian Parliament whose wife is mayor of the Mihai Eminescu commune. Her political position can be perceived as apparent conflict of interest, for her husband could have facilitated her climb to power. A shameless and actual conflict of interest is represented by the parliamentarian himself who demanded a great deal of money for road rehabilitation and other facilities in the locality where his wife is mayor, clearly admitting that she encouraged him to able this amendment.
The UK Daily Telegraph is required to pay a fine of £30,000 (about $45,000 U.S.) after e-mailing readers back in May to tell them who to vote for in an election: “The Daily Telegraph urges its readers to vote Conservative,” the e-mail, signed by Telegraph editor Chris Evans, read in part. Subscribers had signed up to receive a daily e-bulletin (potential CoI), but by promoting an election campaign, the paper broke the rules around direct marketing (Actual CoI)
A professor at the University of Maryland, College Park is facing conflict-of- interest questions after he used university letterhead to deliver a legal opinion in his role as a consultant to a labor union.
http://www.report.rai.it/dl/Report/puntata/ContentItem-8c351158-990e-4582-9fbd-4fb3608bd17e.html We have already talked about the pharmaceutical companies and their modus operandi, thinking more about their interests instead of the patient health. The italian tv programm "Report" give us a real example of how the representatives of a pharmaceutical company can sell their products to doctors offering them a lot of benifits, like donations for they hospitals or journey. In this case the apparent conflict of interest can be represented by us, outside observers that do not have enough informations to motivate our hypothesis. The potential conflict of interest can be represented by the director of the pharmaceutical azienda and his representatives. Both have financial interest in customers: if they are able to sell an higher number of products everytime, they will earn more. The actual conflict of interest is, for example, the Glaxo Smith Kline case. http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/04/26/case-farmaceutiche-e-corruzione-lo-scandalo-planetario-della-glaxo-smith-kline/964564/
Tory Derrick Louis, a senior Essex county councillor, was accused of a conflict of interest over a multi-million pound contract award. Indeed Louis is also a non-executive chairman of Provide Community Interest Company, which is the company that has been awarded a £10 million contract to provide “lifestyle services” across Essex. This situation can be considered an apparent conflict of interest since there is an outside observes who judged the circumstance. After the charge Louis has resigned stating that he had no role in procurement or award of the contract and did not any way seek to influence the decision. However in order to protect its cabinet and colleagues he decided to step down. Apparently he did nothing so the situation can also be considered a potential conflict of interest, since the second economic interest is clear but it is not sure if this actually interfered with the decision made by the county.
http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Banca-Etruria-inchiesta-indagati-vertici-557cd4f7-4d94-4cca-8142-a85a4fe09e9a.html?refresh_ce After Banca Etruria's scandal, the two leaders have been accused of conflict of interest: Rosi , the president , and Nataloni, the board member. they took advantage for their role obtaining funding that they would never obtained. obviously it' s an actual COI
Nowadays one of the most known conflicts of interest is the one linked to Maria Elena Boschi. Since she was elected in the Italian Parliament, she was in a state of apparent conflict of interest because her father, Pierluigi Boschi, and her brother, Emanuele Boschi, were involved in the management of Banca Etruria. This conflict became potential when she approved a decree in order to save four small banks (one of them was Banca Etruria). Finally this conflict became actual when Bankitalia discovered that through this new decree, Boschi's family obteined many benefits.
A recent case of actual conflict of interest was the one of Poste Italiane: they pushed people to make useless and inadequate investments, in order to make their proper interests; they basically did not care about the specific needs of people, but allowed their personal interests to overcome people's ones. That's why Consob fined the ex CEO Massimo Sarmi and other directors, for a total amount of 60.000 euros.
A recent case of actual conflict of interest was the one of Poste Italiane: they pushed people to make useless and inadequate investments, in order to make their proper interests; they basically did not care about the specific needs of people, but allowed their personal interests to overcome people's ones. That's why Consob fined the ex CEO Massimo Sarmi and other directors, for a total amount of 60.000 euros.
according to the World Bank & IFC Enterprise Surveys (2007), 37% of companies surveyed expect to give gifts to secure a government contract.
Taken from<>
An example of this is a certain company(not to be disclosed as it is personal and unpublished information) went to the government Procurement office seeking to open a holdings company in Mozambique. It took them almost 3 years and payments made had gone to no fruition. With the leadership of the right person, who knows the law and is Mozambican, the process was done in under 4 months. This comes to show that the primary interest of the government and the nation as a whole(economic growth through investment) is in constant conflict with the government officials secondary interest (personal financial enrichment). A common conflict of interest that involves a government.
Doctors Under the Influence (Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2008-06-25/doctors-under-the-influence) In April, four experts on smoking cessation published a paper espousing an unconventional plan for helping hard-core nicotine addicts quit. They proposed treating smokers as if they have a chronic disease akin to diabetes. Such patients should take prescription drugs for years to curb tobacco cravings, the researchers advised. To some, the Annals paper smelled suspiciously like disease-mongering to boost pharmaceutical sales. "There's an advantage to the drug companies selling their products to smokers for a lifetime rather than for six weeks," (Apparent conflict of interest due to the existing relationship between the doctors and the pharmaceutical companies) The Annals paper appeared around the same time that Pfizer, at the urging of the U.S. Food & Drug Administration, was strengthening warnings on Chantix's label. This timing has fueled concern that company-paid experts are trying to protect a drug with U.S. sales of more than $680 million in 2007. (Potential COI) There is no clear actual conflict of interest mentioned in the article.
A good story is the one of the BP oil spill. In this case the conflict of interest interfered with the general purpose of the organization. The apparent conflict of interest was that they could save 1 million dollars by cutting safety corners. The potential conflict is that this types of accidents can happen if they cut safety corners. The actual conflict was that many stakeholders got affected and the company had more than 100 billion dollars in fees.
A famous case of conflict of interest is that regarding the minister Mariaelena Boschi, his father and the decree law "Salva Banche". The minister's father is the vicepresident of one of the italian banks in crisis last year, "Banca d'Etruria", and he was accused to be one of the responsable of this demage. The government intervened to save these banks. She was accused of conflict of interest because she could have wanted to save the bank where her father and her brother worked, which was also the bank where she invested a lot of money. According to the antitrust, it was not a case of CoI because the minister was not present when the government voted. Thus, it was an apparent CoI because the government made the choice and she is a member of it; it could have been an actual CoI if the minister was present that day, but it remained olny a potential CoI because she chose not to vote.
Behind tobacco lurks one of the most evident conflict of interest in the Italian State which earns from taxes on tobacco 74% of the cost of the package. Also the Italian State collects the percentage destined to the producer (16%) in the case where the cigarette sold are produced by the State Monopoly. With taxes of cigarettes in 1999 they entered into Treasury funds 17 000 billion. About waste: to make competitive business structure ETI had to make numerous pruning staff by closing some factories. As stated by the leaders of the ETI in Italy 14 plants produced as much as is produced in a single plant of Philip Morris in Holland. Now the factories almost halved and the employees had to move elsewhere. It is often said by the industry that tobacco "creates job". But what about health? The State evidently prefers immediate revenue without regard to healthcare costs and long-term smoking habit It causes. Among treatments for cancer, asthma, bronchitis and workdays lost health spending determined by smoking amounts to about 17,000 billion a year, which is more or less the amount that the state collects in taxes on cigarettes. The hypocrisy of the State is obvious when there are interests that clash: a government entity produces and speculate on something that damages the health. This Conflict of interest by the State could be considered as apparent from the outside observers, so the people. From the State point of view the fact to earn money at the expense of people health is seen as a potential CoI, but the fact that the production of cigarettes and the spread of tobacco in general is increasing day by day , show us that the State has an actual Conflict of interest in carrying on this production.
It was apparent conflict of interest when Silvio Berlusconi, media tycoon, sought to become prime minister of Italy because some external observer noted that he had a lot of businesses involved with public authorities. It was potential conflict of interest when he became prime minister because every potential action he could have taken would have seen the involvement of his companies. Became actual conflict when he started the reform of TV broadcasters because he was at the same time on both side of the table
a case of conflict is the question of where parmalat The Court of Parma puts his finger in the conflicts of interest of Mediobanca in Collecchio . The complete picture of the work in the affair Parmalat emerges from new excerpts published by ANSA conclusions ordinance with which the end of March the judge had taken a number of measures to protect the company , in fact the disputed purchase of 904 million dollars of Lactalis American Group ( Lag ) who saw Lactalis play simultaneously on two tables , the seller and the buyer , Parmalat , of which he is the largest shareholder . In this mess , noted the judges , Mediobanca would not have to be in the game , as it was eligible to be an independent consultant to Parmalat as " could not they felt independent " than the seller . This is a case of potential conflict of interest because the major shareholder of Parlamat interfered with the sale of shares.
As suggested by "Complotti", the TV program conducted by Giuseppe Cruciani already known for his activity on Radio 24, Welfare Minister Maurizio Sacconi would have a conflict of interest. Enrica Giorgetti, his wife, would now be at the head of Farmindustria. Association, already linked to Confindustria, in which there are more than 200 companies operating in the pharmaceutical sector. The links between the Minister of Welfare and Farmindustria would in fact caused the dismissal of Nello Martini, responsible for the state Italian AIFA (the Italian Medicines Agency). Martini, as a result of an investigation conducted by the prosecutor Guariniello, had been suspended from office because he had not updated the leaflets (as they call the instructions in the medical packaging) of twenty products on the market. After a series of expert reports conducted by the Ministry of Health and Institute of Health, which repudiated the claims made by the consultant to the magistrate, Martini had been acquitted. Therefore he continued to carry on business until the dismissal decided by Sacconi. The work of the creator of AIFA, as evidenced by a number of journalists, had allowed the reduction of the public expenditure provided by the state for drugs. Martini for example decided to increase the so called generic medicines. Even the foreign press has dealt with this case. According to "Nature", a distinguished scientific publication, the disappearance of Martini is also due to the special relationship between the current Minister and Farmindustria.
I'm going to give an example: I'm the CEO of an azienda and I decide to hire my niece (APPARENT CoI)--> now: 1.) my niece has all the right competences to perform the task for which he's going to be hired, or 2.) he's generally qualified but maybe he's not the perfect person for that task, but he needs to work because he has economic problems (POTENTIAL CoI), 3.) he's definitely not qualified for the job and he doesn't have the adequate skills (ACTUAL CoI).
an apparent conflict of interest is that of minister Boschi, now also shareholder in bank of Etruria and Lazio, institution that has made a leap 0f 66% on the stock Exchange as a result of leaked ads, to open markets, from palazzo Chigi on the reform of major banks regulated by capitario vote. it wasn't enough to know dad her father is vice-president of popular of Etruria, credit intermediary in which works as well her Brother. now it turns out that there is also a direct interest form Maria Elena Boschi in the institute.
Jerry Yang è is the co-founder di Yahoo! he owns 3,6% of Yahoo! and he has a position as "Chief Yahoo", but he has been accused of wanting to find personally a buyer, by one of the main shareholder, Danie Loeb which owns 5,2 % of Yahoo. By doing so Yang could take the control of the firm, making a deal with the new buyer, but as CEO he cannot be the seller and the buyer, at the same time. Fort this reason his resignations was requested. This is a case of potential conflict of interest.
Jerry Yang è is the co-founder di Yahoo! he owns 3,6% of Yahoo! and he has a position as "Chief Yahoo", but he has been accused of wanting to find personally a buyer, by one of the main shareholder, Danie Loeb which owns 5,2 % of Yahoo. By doing so Yang could take the control of the firm, making a deal with the new buyer, but as CEO he cannot be the seller and the buyer, at the same time. Fort this reason his resignations was requested. This is a case of potential conflict of interest.
The Italian prime Minister, Matteo Renzi, is involved in an actual conflict of interest about the candidacy of the President of the region Campania: Vincenzo De Luca. In fact Renzi has to sign the suspension of the Law Severino but he is, at the same time, the promoter of De Luca's political campaign as president of the region. De Luca won the regional elections but has also been declared "unpresentable" from the law Severino by the fact that he overthrew his power during his past duty as mayor of Salerno. This is why the italian political party "Movimento 5 Stelle" asked for the resign of De Luca and for new regional elections.
The minister Maria Elena Boschi was firstly accused to have generated a situation of conflict of interest, because of a goverment's decree which allowed the rescue of the four banks through a Resolution fund worth 3.6 billion euros funded by 3 healthy credit institutes. Among these 4 banks there was even Bank Etruria, where the father of minister Boschi had been vice-president. This situation was analized by the Antitrust authority which actually turned out that it was just an apparent conflict of interest, as minister Boschi was absent in the meetings related to the approvement of the provisions, in particular she was absent on the 11th of november 2015, with the decree rescue-banks.
In a nationally important workplace ethics case, Hewlett-Packard company's, successful CEO, Mark Hurd, (now former H-P CEO), became embroiled in workplace ethics issues. The public statement from the company indicated that Mr. Hurd left because he violated the company’s expected standards of conduct. Cathie Lesjak, H-P's chief financial officer, who was appointed interim CEO until the company found a permanent replacement for Mr. Hurd, asked employees “to remain ‘focused’ and said ‘Mark had failed to disclose a close personal relationship he had with the contractor that constituted a conflict of interest (potential conflict of interest), failed to maintain accurate expense reports (apparent conflict of interest), and misused company assets (actual conflict of interest).’”
http://corporateeurope.org/power-lobbies/2015/06/meps-industry-payroll-potential-conflicts-interest-persist-eu-parliament-new Potential conflicts of interest continue to plague the European Parliament. Various reports present nine cases of MEPs who hold paid positions in companies or business associations while holding public offices that directly or indirectly interfere with EU decision-making regarding legislative issues. The cases include parliamentarians from Poland, Italy, Germany, Belgium, France, the UK, Denmark and Austria, some of which had already given rise to concerns in the last parliamentary term. Within these, we surely find the case of Renato Soru, President and CEO of Tiscaly. It definitely appears as a potential conflict of interest and there are chances that it could become apparent. His clear commercial interests could undermine the integrity that his representative position presumes.
Professor Minka at the Europian University of Tirana has been doing a side job of technology guidance for profit at Company CRR. (apparent conflict of interest ) Responding to a request from company CRR, he received permission from the University to offer the guidance every Wednesday afternoon, but he began to frequently change his class schedule.(potential conflict of interest) He ended up giving priority to his side job, canceling classes, and missing staff and/or committee meetings.(actual conflict of interest)
Actual conflict of interest: John is participating in a design that requires 100000 bolts. For the past 100 years,John's family has owned a company ,Jay Co,John's stock in Jay Co will increase by 20%.John specifies that jay Co bolts,even though they are not the best for design.
Potential conflict of interest: john is engaged to veronica,whose family has owned Jay Co,If john marries veronica he will immediately become a major stakeholder in Jay Co. If he specifies bolts in his designs manufactured by Jay Co, he will benefit financially.
Apparent Conflict of Interest: John marries veronica,but he and veronica have a fight with her family and divest themselves of all holdings in Jay Co .this Divestiture is public knowledge,but Rachel does not know about it .Rachel employs john to design a building for her.john specifies bolts that can only be manufactured by Jay Co,because he believes they are the best for the building,even though he prefers not to give the business to Jay Co. Rachel accuses John of conflict of interest.
Actual conflict of interest: John is participating in a design that requires 100000 bolts. For the past 100 years,John's family has owned a company ,Jay Co,John's stock in Jay Co will increase by 20%.John specifies that jay Co bolts,even though they are not the best for design.
Potential conflict of interest: john is engaged to veronica,whose family has owned Jay Co,If john marries veronica he will immediately become a major stakeholder in Jay Co. If he specifies bolts in his designs manufactured by Jay Co, he will benefit financially.
Apparent Conflict of Interest: John marries veronica,but he and veronica have a fight with her family and divest themselves of all holdings in Jay Co .this Divestiture is public knowledge,but Rachel does not know about it .Rachel employs john to design a building for her.john specifies bolts that can only be manufactured by Jay Co,because he believes they are the best for the building,even though he prefers not to give the business to Jay Co. Rachel accuses John of conflict of interest.
Actual Conflict of Interest An actual conflict of interest arises in which a CARRA member has or would have official responsibilities with an outside organization with which the CARRA member has a financial interest (his/her own or an interest that is imputed to the CARRA member) or affiliation. Such a situation puts the CARRA member in the position of having an official responsibility or action which could directly influence his or her own financial interests or those interests that are imputed to him or her (financial interests of spouse, minor children, outside employers, and other entities).
Apparent Conflict of Interest An apparent conflict of interest arises when a CARRA member is involved in a particular matter involving specific outside parties (including individuals and corporate entities) and the circumstances are such that a reasonable person with knowledge of the relevant facts would question the the CARRA member's impartiality in the matter.
In a very big retail company there is a department called Business Team which provides services and discount for business costumers. It is a very hard work and Business employees should have adequate skills to do it. If one business manager fall in love of one girl working in an other department( adequate for her skills) and he tries to carry her in they department we can talk of potential conflict of interest. In the other hand we talk about actual COI if the girl, without adequate skills, enjoys the Business team. We consider apparent COI if the manager talks a lot with her during work’s hours
The judge ruled that Ford had violated the Municipal Conflict of Interest Act by participating in a city council vote about his own fine for violating the council's code of conduct, which had been imposed because he solicited donations for his football charity using city materials. (actual)
Conflict of interest http://news.yahoo.com/outgoing-un-libya-envoy-accused-conflict-interest-201520094.html Libya's unrecognised government Thursday accused UN envoy Bernardino Leon of a conflict of interest after he negotiated a high-paying job in Abu Dhabi while trying to defuse the Libyan crisis. I think this can be defined as an actual conflict of interest since Leon accepted the job in Abu Dhabi while he was working for the UN .
Suppose that we work in a firm which is directed by Mr. Brown. One day a new employee is placed in the staff. The colleagues find out that the new member is named Brown. In this case we have an APPARENT CoI, that's because the staff might suppose that the boss is a parent of the colleague. If this is actually true, we have a POTENTIAL CoI, in facts the boss may have hired the new employee because is a parent. Finally, if this would be true, we'd be facing an ACTUAL CoI.
A magazine editor is asked to freelance for the magazine of a competing institution. (This is a potential conflict between an institutional representative and the institution.)
For the apparent kinf of the COI, I found this on the net, which is short and understandable : X Company is considering using Y Company as a supplier, because Y offers the best goods on the best terms. But Y is owned and operated by A, whose twin brother A Plus is a senior manager of X. A Plus has nothing to do with purchasing anything for X and rigorous controls are put in place at X to ensure that he doesn’t in any way help Y in its dealings with X.
An actual COI could be for example where there is an article about your city on Wikipedia, and you edit some information to the wrong but "based on your own interest" information.
The italian Minister of Costiututional Reforms Maria Elena Boschi is the vicepresident's daughter of Banca Popolare dell'Etruria and Lazio, her Brother also works in this bank. For that reason she bought 1557 shares. This is a clear example of actual conflict of interest because even if she knew that she was a Minister she had an opportunistic behaviour and the second interest prevailed on the primary.
An example of actual conflict of interest is the one related to uca Cordero di Montezemolo: in fact he is both the President of Alitalia and a stockholder of Ntv (an italian private open access operator of high-speed trains), two companies competing in the same transport industry.
In 2012, the FCA's predecessor the Financial Services Authority (FSA) found that Angela Burns had "failed to act with integrity" in her role as a non-executive director at two mutual societies while at the same time notifying an investment manager in the US that she had previously provided with consultancy work of potential business opportunities with the mutuals. This is a case of actual COI and moreover it is also a case of corruption.
This is a possible potential conflict of interest story abound in Tesla Motors’ bid to acquire SolarCity. http://bigstory.ap.org/article/5eff8a7c05024bcd85a3d6843432d53e/apparent-conflicts-interest-may-dog-tesla-solarcity-deal The CEO of Tesla Motors, Musk, has offered to buy SolarCity where he himself is the chairman. The SolarCity’s CEO is Musk’s first cousin. Musk has been accused for self-dealing and nepotism. The investors have been questioning whether Musk’s professions of ethics and objectives are sincere or just for show.
"Cynthia began working for a regional office XYZ. Her brother, Clyde, happened to own a company selling office supplies to XYZ. Although Cynthia was fully aware that Clyde’s company conducted business with her employer, she never mentioned this to her colleagues. ( APPARENT CoI). Occasionally, she processed purchases from Clyde’s company at the request of her supervisor, but at this initial stage, Cynthia wasn’t involved in awarding business to her brother’s company. After she processed orders for Clyde’s company for some time, Cynthia realized that she was able to influence the awarding of business to her brother; she even became a director of his company. (POTENTIAL CoI)
ReplyDeleteShe then took advantage of her incoming supervisor’s inexperience to begin allocating business to Clyde’s company more frequently. Furthermore, she would also intercept purchase requisitions meant for more junior procurement colleagues and tell them to make the purchase from her brother’s company. The new supervisor was happy to let Cynthia run things because it reduced his workload. However, he failed to realize that his inaction allowed Cynthia to direct business toward her brother’s company, even though it was more expensive than competitors." ( ACTUAL CoI)
Her company fired her and dropped Clyde’s company as a supplier."
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteLuca Cordero di Montezemolo is one of the former of "NTV" (an Italian train company). It was apparent conflict of interest when he tried to become president of the italian flight company "Alitalia". It was potential conflict of interest when he became Alitalia's president, due to the competition between trains and planes especially for the road Rome-Milan. Finally it was actual conflict of interest because Luca Cordero di Montezemolo is also a shareolder of the company Unicredit (He has the 12.9% of the firm) which has around 140 millions of credits from Alitalia.
ReplyDeleteFrom : Fraud Magazine.
ReplyDeleteA women called Cynthia, began to working for a regional office of a multinational corporation. Her brother,Clyde, own a company which sells supplies to that firm.She was aware about some affairs between the Clyde's company and one employer of hers but she didn't reveal her conflict of interest. Once she became the assistant of the procurement department she bought supplies from her brother's company without mentioned it.
She bought staff for some time, she realized that she was able to influence the awarding of business to her brother,(she began the director of that company).
After different events,she was fired from the society and the company stopped having Clyde's company as supplier.
This case shows how and apparent conflict of interest (in this case a relation between siblings could appear form other parties as a conflict of interest)might develop in something more dangerous as the corruption. So it is important to be honest and declare even if it apparent because , as the example above it could be a risk for the firm itself and for the person involved in the conflict.
From newser.com
ReplyDeleteAs Eric Cantor last week negotiated an increase in the federal debt ceiling, he had between $1,000 and $15,000 invested in a fund that aggressively shorts US bonds, according to his latest financial disclosure statement. If Congress fails to raise the debt ceiling and the US defaults, the value of that investment would skyrocket—in fact, it’s already up 3.3% since Cantor walked away from negotiations on Thursday, Jonathan Easley of Salon writes.
The investment makes up a relatively small part of the millionaire congressman’s assets, and a spokesman stresses that Cantor also holds a lot of Treasury bonds. But the investment still represents an unseemly conflict of interest, one Motley Fool writer says. “We can only guess how much he understands about what’s in his portfolio, but you’d think a politician would know better. It looks bad.”
This is both a situation of apparent and actual conflict of interest. The potential conflict of interest was when congressman Cantor had to decide whether to leave or not the House of Representatives because of negotiations.
Lotito is the president of the society Società Sportiva Lazio (SSL), a football club which plays in the Italian Serie A. However, he is also the owner of Unione Sportiva Salernitana (another football team), together with Marco Mezzaroma. Salernitana, thanks to Lotito, was able to win several championships, and the last year they obtained a prestigious goal: the pass for the Serie B, the second most important league in Italy. If they win the championship and, at the same time, Lazio is not relegated, the two teams will play in the same league. The risk is that Claudio Lotito could choose only one primary interest of the two clubs, damaging unavoidably the other primary interest. Consequently, first of all there is a potential CoI, in the case in which the two clubs would be in the same league. Secondly, this interest could turn into actual if the situation becomes real: in an official match Lotito could ask one team to lose, in the interest of the strongest team, but missing the primary interest of the weakest team. This would also be in contrast with the principle of loyalty of sport, because other Serie A teams could be seriously damaged by combined results. However, I think this is in contrast with the rules of FIGC ( Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio), and so against the law. Thirdly, there is also a situation of apparent conflict of interest: some players from SSL have been sent to Salernitana in order to become stronger and prepared for the Serie A, so that they can return back to Lazio. Was this in the interest of both Lazio and Salernitana? Or maybe these players could have had better opportunities following different paths? Many people asks themselves: is Lotito currently acting with a honest and correct behaviour? There could be a situation of CoI.
ReplyDeleteA situation of conflict of interest is the one of the Italian “Minister of Infrastructure and Transport”, Lupi. In fact this minister found a job for his son, Luca Lupi, through the, now ex, director of the Ministry of Infrastructure, Incalza.
ReplyDeleteBecause of the fact that Luca Lupi was hired, we can say that Incalza had an actual conflict of interest and an opportunistic behavior.
Luca Lupi graduated with honors (as we in Italian say: “110 e lode”) so this situation was not necessary, Luca would have probably found easily a job without this conflict of interests.
Newser:
ReplyDeleteFrom a PBS exec's husband who defended the station's funding to a congressman who sought tax breaks for racehorse owners before buying seven horses: A Washington Post investigation finds 73 members of Congress who have recently sponsored or co-sponsored bills that help industries to which they have personal ties. And the lawmakers aren't blind to potential conflicts of interest: They check in with ethics committee lawyers thousands of times per year. But these communications rarely seek to dissuade legislators from their goals; in fact, they typically help justify the efforts.
This is the case of an actual conflict of interest that at the end turned into a real form of corruption.
Gianni Alemanno, former mayor of Rome, hired more than 2000 people that he directly knew while he was in charge. This happened for Atac and Ama two non-profit companies that are in charge of picking up the trash and providing transportation services. This is a perfect example of actual Conflict of interest, even though he has not been charged yet
ReplyDeleteA situation of conflict of interest is the one that concerns the election of Renato Soru as the president of Regione Sardegna in 2004. This situation implies a Col since Soru was in that time the founder and owner of the telecommunication company Tiscali. We can simply find the 3 elements that characterize a Col: the primary interest ( direct in the best way the Region managing it with efficiency and effectiveness, the secondary interest( promote Tiscali among the public bodies of the Region), the secondary interest could interfere with the primary one in all the occasions that expects the assignment of competition announcements for telecommunications. In this case the Col was apparent: since he was the owner of Tiscali anybody could think Soru would be acting in order to promote his firm going to the detriment of the Region. The Col was also actual because being elected as the president of Sardinia he felt the necessity of selling the majority share of his company. We can also define this Col potential because Renato Soru was anyway owning the 27.5 % of Tiscali and therefore in decisions concerning the field of telecommunications he could be strongly biased.
ReplyDelete1) http://www.corriere.it/opinioni/12_gennaio_16/fregonara-nepotismo-recordman-bari_490363ec-4027-11e1-a5d2-75a8a88b1277.shtml
ReplyDeleteThe director of the University of Bari Aldo Moro hired 12 among his relatives. It was the case of a potencial CoI right before he hired any relative. I personally think that in this case Apparent and Actual CoI overlap and it was since the first relative was hired.
http://corporateeurope.org/news/draghi-faces-formal-complaint-over-conflicts-interest
ReplyDeleteMario Darghi is a the European central bank president who had a independence membership and suggests his involvement in the corporate bankers group.
''Hill-Skin '' was a Israel company for healing wounds.
ReplyDeleteCEO of Hill-healing skin wounds, Dr. Tammy Tannenbaum, claims that she was fired in bad faith by the Company's shareholders, led by Arkin Holdings Corporation. Tenenbaum filed suit in the District Labor Court in Tel Aviv, where she declared that she was dismissed because of a conflict of interest became a major investor in the company, Mori Arkin, also invests in other companies in the field of wound healing. She says Arkin interested empty the Hill-skin of its assets to strengthen its two other companies.
After few years the company closed because she didn't achieve her goals.
One of the situations of conflict of interest is the Italian prime minister Berlusconi. He's an entrepreneur since he owned private tv channels such as Mediaset and some newspapers. Later,he got nominated prime minister while he was still owning private tv channels(potential situation).
ReplyDeleteThis is the case of an actual conflict of interest because he made a low in favor of the private channels,increasing his interests and having the chance to do compaign advertising even though he had a public office.
http://www.laretenonperdona.it/2015/01/27/un-conflitto-dinteresse-da-fare-invidia-silvio/
ReplyDeleteThe italian Minister of Costiututional Reforms Maria Elena Boschi is the vicepresident's daughter of Banca Popolare dell'Etruria and del Lazio and her Brother too works in this bank. For that reason she bought 1557 shares. This is a clear example of actual conflict of interest because even if she knew that she was a Minister she had an opportunistic behaviour and the second interest prevailed on the primary.
The actual conflict of interest that I chose is related to one of the Italian parties, la Lega Nord.
ReplyDeleteIn this case, one of the most important politicians of this party, Umberto Bossi, took about 303.000 euro from the public funding of his party for paying the university to his son.
In this case there was a conflict of interest because politicians should use public money of their funding to improve and promote their parties while in this case Bossi used that money for his personal purposes.
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ReplyDeleteThere are many companies in the world : when a person who possess a small or more parts power (for example : a management ) in the firm ,in this position ,their relatives may can working for the firm because of the relationship between them . (self-conflict of interest or apparent).On the one hand, if the person who are competent for the situation ,it comes into being any positive influents in the company . So we can say that recommending a talent.On the other hand , if the person who are not competent for the situation ,it comes into being any problems in a way .So , it engenders any negative effects for that .As the proverb said : Cannot adhere to their own work.Therefore ,this is a potential conflict of interest .But it can become a actual conflict of interest for a long-term .
ReplyDeleteThe actual conflict of interest in Russia was connected with former mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov and his wife, Elena Baturina, who was a owner of the building company "Inteko".
ReplyDeleteOn the instructions of Luzhkov in Moscow was demolished about 400 old buildings, part of which was built in the 17th century, and in their place were built elegant houses of steel and glass. Firms owned by Baturina allotted for construction sites, whose total area is 400 hectares, and they received a huge profit in the implementation of giant projects. Thus, the company "Inteko" participated in the implementation of the prestigious project of Luzhkov - the building of trading-office centre "Moscow-city". Only in the field of commercial real estate until 2012 envisages investments in the amount of four billion dollars.
But that's not all. Baturina has received from the city's numerous orders for the construction of housing, and several years ago it controlled a quarter of the construction of new residential buildings in the Russian capital. She was often able to translate cheap protected zones in expensive site for the construction and implies the presence in the city a special relationship to the company. Profitable orders Luzhkov's wife received also in St. Petersburg and Sochi.
The actual conflict of interest in Russia was connected with former mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov and his wife, Elena Baturina, who was a owner of the building company "Inteko".
ReplyDeleteOn the instructions of Luzhkov in Moscow was demolished about 400 old buildings, part of which was built in the 17th century, and in their place were built elegant houses of steel and glass. Firms owned by Baturina allotted for construction sites, whose total area is 400 hectares, and they received a huge profit in the implementation of giant projects. Thus, the company "Inteko" participated in the implementation of the prestigious project of Luzhkov - the building of trading-office centre "Moscow-city". Only in the field of commercial real estate until 2012 envisages investments in the amount of four billion dollars.
But that's not all. Baturina has received from the city's numerous orders for the construction of housing, and several years ago it controlled a quarter of the construction of new residential buildings in the Russian capital. She was often able to translate cheap protected zones in expensive site for the construction and implies the presence in the city a special relationship to the company. Profitable orders Luzhkov's wife received also in St. Petersburg and Sochi.
The stocks of rating agencies like Moody's or Standars&Poor are held by many big firms of the american capitalism. The conflict of interest occurs by the fact that the companies who possess those shares are analysed by the same rating agencies. So, it is an actual conflict of interest when, for example, a bank owns the shares of S&P and asks to this agency to evaluate them when they have to issue bonds.
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ReplyDeletePietro Lunardi has been indicted for a conflict of interest: as minister of public works, he would have had the interest to steer the state decisions, in order to facilitate his family's companies, as Rocksoil and Tre Esse, involved in the planning and the realization of few sectors of the high speed railway network (TAV).
ReplyDeleteBut, in order to discredit these prosecutions and above all to avoid the possible conflict of interests, he has stated that Rocksoil company would operate exclusively in foreign countries. This is an example of potential conflict of interest.
The Accounting firm KPMG in 2001 managed the Financial Statement of a company called Xerox, a huge company that sells business and document services. KPMG helped Xeorx to hide a gap of 3 billion in the revenues that were wrongly included in the financial statement, and the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States found put and fined them both for millions. In this case the potential conflict of interest rises in the moment Xerox wants to hire KPMG. We have an apparent conflict of interest when KPMG manages the data of the firm that is paying for its services, and the actual conflict of interest occurs when they falsify the financial statement, being not only unethical but also against the law.
ReplyDeleteHilmar – together with Bernhard Wolf (1935– 2012) – submitted a paper on Nova Cygni 1975 to a refereed journal. It took more than six months to get the paper accepted, thanks to a very slow and anonymous peer reviewing round. But Hilmar later discovered that a competing paper had been submitted to another journal, about two months before the acceptance date of his own work. Finding out the name of an anonymous peer reviewer can be notoriously difficult, except in this specific case because the unsigned referee report had been typed on paper that carried the watermark of the referee’s institute. Hilmar could only conclude that he and his coauthor had been the victim of undisclosed conflict of interest on the part of the referee.
ReplyDeleteI think that every person who reads this story, as external person, would judge this episode as a conflict of interest ( Apparent). This is also a case of actual COI because there are some victims.
In my home country, we have a famous restaurant named “三哥米線”and there are 10 more shop in hong kong。 Because of a secondary interest by a manager (owners), he hired his brother to help a company. After few years, the brother quitted the position and be starting to open a same restaurant in hong kong. As a result, the original one was closed year by year. In this case, we can find out
ReplyDeletethe apparent conflict of interest - the brother was hired to help a restaurant
the potential conflict interest - the brother may know all of organization
the actual conflict of interest - the brother copied the business
When a politician buys a media firm like a journal or a private television there's a potential CoI in the sense that the news could be manoeuvred, the CoI becomes apparent when a relevant news is put on the first page but not necessarily because of "political decisions" and this becomes actual CoI when the news is put first than another more relevant one only because the media has to follow a certain (political) communication strategy.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteThe president and the director of ISS (Istituto nazionale di Sanità), Walter Ricciardi and Angelo Lino Del Favero, are also members of the scientific committee of a private company that deals with the digital health. They should think about public responsibilities without taking initiatives with different purposes. This is an example of potential conflict of interest.
The situation of CoI that I choose is relative to Emma Marcecaglia and her presidency at Eni. During the 2014 year,Matteo Renzi selected as president of Eni Emma Marcegaglia,who was and is also Vice Chairman chied executive officer of Marcegaglia spa (that is the leading industrial group worldwide in the steel processing sector, with a yearly output of over 5 million tons).
ReplyDeleteMany people thought that there could be an apparent conflict of interest,because she could will have two different roles,appairing to be in CoI,without knowing that Marceglia Spa has done since 8 years a contract with Edison,for the forniture of electric energy.
A legislator with influence over the institution's budget allocation seeks a government relations director's help getting his daughter admitted into a selective program from which she has been initially rejected. (This is a potential conflict between the interests of an institution and its constituents.)
ReplyDeleteIn August Monica Paolino was elected president of the Commissione Antimafia of the Campania region. It was an apparent conflict of interest when the italian senator Rosaria Capacchione claimed that her appointment was surreal. After a month from her election she was accused of aiding and abetting the mafia and her husband Aliberti, mayor of Scafati, was accused of mafia association and so Monica Paolino had to resign; the conflict of interest had become actual and evident.
ReplyDeletehttp://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/09/18/news/voto_di_scambio_mafioso_indagata_monica_paolino_presidente_commissione_antimafia_in_regione-123143608/
http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/09/18/campania-presidente-antimafia-indagata-per-voto-di-scambio-mafioso/2046896/
An obvious case of potential conflict of interest occured this year when the Marco Polo Industrial holding spa launched an "opa" ( public acquiring offer) on Pirelli company. The entities involved in the conflict of interest are Intesa Sanpaolo and Unicredit banks which have 3 roles in this operation, they are both financiers, mediators and business partners with Marco Polo company but they are also the main creditors of Pirelli group. It is potential conflict of interest 'till the operation is on progress but it will become ACTUAL in the case of a successful operation.
ReplyDeletehttps://angolodelgiornalaio.wordpress.com/2015/09/09/pirelli-i-conflitti-di-interesse-di-intesa-e-unicredit-nellofferta-cinese-a-tronchetti/
One of the most important and known conflict of interest is the historical and still actual one between USA-Russia. Russia and the United States maintain diplomatic relations, but in 2014, already strained relations between Russia and the U.S., as well as other countries allied with the U.S., greatly deteriorated due to the Ukrainian crisis and the Syrian Civil War, which caused observers to characterize those as assuming an adversarial nature, or the advent of Cold War II, with mutual trade and investment being significantly restricted. Despite the tensions between both countries, the United States and Russia are still willing to cooperate and work together on international issues such as security and international peace.
ReplyDeletehttp://espresso.repubblica.it/plus/articoli/2014/08/28/news/e-franceschini-scivolo-sul-ceci-1.178061?refresh_c
ReplyDeleteExpo 2015 is famous for several scandals. One if those regards the culture minister Franceschini and his counselor Stefano Ceci.
Ceci created a company one week before that the Spanish society "Explora" would have decided to who give the contract for the creation of a website where people could buy the tickets to get into Expo 2015. It is a conflict of interest because Ceci was a friend of the minister too, so the minister in just one week made him the favour to ensure him that work. It could have been a potential conflict of interest for example if Ceci would have had his company for a long period of time and work for minister too. It could have been an apparent conflict of interest if the winner of the work would have had the same name of Francesco Ceci.
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ReplyDeleteMinister for reforms Maria Elena Boschi, the daughter of a banker, just elected was in a state of apparent conflict of interest because of her role. Later, with his decree in favor of listing the small and medium banks,her found herself in a situation of potential conflict of interest, which has become real since the father had acquired some shares in other small banks a few weeks before the decree and therefore benefited (earning million) of the written law of his daughter (Minister Boschi).
ReplyDeleteThe government body INGV, Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia is in charge of monitoring and evaluating the seismic risk of determinate areas on the earth. It is clear a potential conflict of interest due to the fact that the INGV also offers advising services to private companies that extract oil, whose affairs are strongly related to the opinion of INGV itself. The potential conflict of interest resulted evident when it was found out in 2015 that the Cogeid (a company of oil extracting), asked the INGV an opinion about extracting oil in Irpinia region, notoriously a risky region for earthquakes. Here is the COI, that is still only potential and not actual: The Ingv is paid by Cogeid, whose profit is determined by Ingv choice.
ReplyDeleteClaudio Lotito is the owner of SS Lazio, a football team wich plays in Serie A. Lotito is also the owner of a cleaning company. There was a potential CoI beacuse his company might work for "himself". Now what seems to be "potential" is become apparent and actual. Infact the cleaning company works in the headquarters of SS Lazio, and we can assert that a part of Lazio's incomes are used to give wages to employees, and also to Lotito.
ReplyDeletehttp://en.rsf.org/italy-a-media-conflict-of-interest-23-04-2003,06393.html
ReplyDeleteSilvio Berlusconi was both in apparent and actual conflict of interest when he was Italy's prime minister. He owns MONDADORI, one of Italy’s biggest press and publishing groups, and Mediaset, which has three commercial TV stations. At the same time, as head of government, he was also able to wield great influence over RAI, Italy’s state-owned TV broadcaster. So he basically controlled the majority of the media.
Giulio Tremonti was Minister of Economy and Finance in the Government Berlusconi II (2001-2004), Berlusconi III (2005-2006) and Berlusconi IV (2008-2011).
ReplyDeleteIn these years he was also the head of the “Agenzia delle Entrate" (= Internal revenue Service) which is one of the most important public institutions against fiscal evasion in Italy.
However in the same period he was driving one of the most powerful private tax office, called “Tremonti and partners” that operated exactly in the same field of the Agenzia delle Entrate.
Before he was definitely appointed leader of the “Agenzia delle Entrete” the conflict of interest was only potencial. It became actual (and not only apparent) when he started to manage two of the most important Italian organizations, public (Agenzia delle Entrete) and private (Tremonti and partners).
The maths professor Amato of a liceo scientifico near rome rated badly his students in order to give the possibility to his son to get money from reps he offers to those students. It is an apparent coi just seeing that the son of the teacher gives reps to students of his father. It is a potential one because the father has to put marks to his students, so becoming actual in the decision making.
ReplyDeleteFrom an internet website of that school
The maths professor Amato of a liceo scientifico near rome rated badly his students in order to give the possibility to his son to get money from reps he offers to those students. It is an apparent coi just seeing that the son of the teacher gives reps to students of his father. It is a potential one because the father has to put marks to his students, so becoming actual in the decision making.
ReplyDeleteFrom an internet website of that school
https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/rcradmin/topics/coi/case_0.shtml
ReplyDelete"Thomas receives under the consulting agreement, this could also represent a financial conflict of interest. Prof. Thomas has agreed to use his graduate students and presumably his university laboratory for the consulting work and therefore for his personal benefit. This is a clear and direct conflict of interest. In addition, despite the justification that this work could benefit the students, it is distracting them from their degree-related activities and, if they are paid by sponsored project funding, from their responsibilities as university employees. Prof. Thomas, by acting in his own self-interest is also violating his responsibilities as a mentor to his students. Moreover Mary Smith is placing herself in a conflict of interest with her university responsibility "
Dr. Eric Schmidt Resigns from Apple’s Board of Directors
ReplyDeleteAt August 3, 2009—Apple® announced that Dr. Eric Schmidt, chief executive officer of Google, is resigning from Apple’s Board of Directors, a position he has held since August 2006.
“Eric has been an excellent Board member for Apple, investing his valuable time, talent, passion and wisdom to help make Apple successful,” said Steve Jobs, Apple’s CEO. “Unfortunately, as Google enters more of Apple’s core businesses, with Android and now Chrome OS, Eric’s effectiveness as an Apple Board member will be significantly diminished, since he will have to recuse himself from even larger portions of our meetings DUE TO A POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTERESTS . Therefore, we have mutually decided that now is the right time for Eric to resign his position on Apple’s Board.”
Apple ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the Macintosh. Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning computers, OS X operating system and iLife and professional applications. Apple is also spearheading the digital media revolution with its iPod portable music and video players and iTunes online store, and has entered the mobile phone market with its revolutionary iPhone.
What is present in my football team is an example of conflict of interest even if we are not talking about economic field.
ReplyDeleteAt the beginning of the season, the president builts the team , not buying any football player in the role his son plays, because in this way he hasn't any competition . In addition, The president obliged the coach to put his son in the first eleven squad even if he doesn't deserve it.
It's an anethical behaviour and a clear conflict of interest, because the president doesn't follow the primary interest of the team but follows a secondary interest.
The conflict of interests is the main instrument of widespread corruption in Italy. The event more clamorous of conflict of interest concerns the former prime minister Berlusconi; he passed laws in favor his economic, justice and political interests.
ReplyDeleteThe conflict of interest in Nigeria is now a usual thing.I will take my example from the Mtn company which is a network services and owns branches most places in Africa. I can say that if you don't have connections with the managers , it's very difficult to work there , not looking at your qualifications. It's a conflict of interest because 1)it's influenced by relatives which is the secondary interest ,they at most times take a person because of the relationship and not because of his or her qualifications to help achieve his goal in the company (apparent conflict of interest )
ReplyDelete2)A person who has a better qualification can stay unemployed while the unqualified sit and collect salary. And no one want to help you get in .because of their guilt and afraid of replacement.
http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/10/09/poste-il-conflitto-dinteressi-della-presidente-todini-e-nel-consiglio-di-rothschild-consulente-per-privatizzazione/2113067/ (in Italian)
ReplyDeleteIn this story the conflict of interest arises since the actual chairman of "Poste Italiane", Laura Todini, is at the same time part of the board of Rothschild bank which was the advisor that accompanied the group (Poste Italiane) to his IPO (Initial Public Offer). This double relationship can be seen both as conflict of commitment and conflict of interest; in the latter case we can recognize a potential and apparent CoI in the double charge but not an actual because she is not in charge of any operative task at Rothschild bank.
http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/10/09/poste-il-conflitto-dinteressi-della-presidente-todini-e-nel-consiglio-di-rothschild-consulente-per-privatizzazione/2113067/ (in Italian)
ReplyDeleteIn this story the conflict of interest arises since the actual chairman of "Poste Italiane", Laura Todini, is at the same time part of the board of Rothschild bank which was the advisor that accompanied the group (Poste Italiane) to his IPO (Initial Public Offer). This double relationship can be seen both as conflict of commitment and conflict of interest; in the latter case we can recognize a potential and apparent CoI in the double charge but not an actual because she is not in charge of any operative task at Rothschild bank.
Maria Elena Boschi is one of the ministers of the italian government. She has a situation of potential conflict of interests when Her father Pierluigi, was on the board of directors of Banca Etruria in 2011, and from 2014 he served as vice president of the institution, role lapsed following the commissioner of government. In the bank also worked the brother Maria Elena Boschi, Emanuele and she bought 1557 shares. It becomes actual conflict of interest when she approved a measure in order to saves CariFerrara, Banca Marche, Banca Popolare Etruria and Lazio and CariChieti creating 4 new banks, cleaning up the credit institutions that are unable to get back to zero and the value of shares and bonds subordinated
ReplyDeleteA case of conflict of interest occurred with the case Marcegaglia; she is an important italian entrepreneur that is the CEO of her family's business that it is involved within the steel industry.
ReplyDeleteDuring the period of government of the prime minister Matteo Renzi, Emma Marcegaglia was appointed as the president of ENI. The steel business of the Marcegaglia's family jointly with the first company in the same industry made an offer to acquire ILVA. The only problem ws that ILVA had lots of debts and in order to overcome them, the company was split in the production part and in the liquidation company part, the italian governement joined into this acquisition to solve the debt so that the production part of ILVA company was acquired by Marcegaglia's industry. The only problem in that ILVA needs a lot of energy to work and it is provided by a company with its same CEO: Emma Marcegaglia. So she will buy energy by Eni as ILVA and she will sell energy to ILVA as Eni. In this case we have an actual conflict of intrest.
Luke McLean is the number 15 of the Italian National Rugby Team and he is engaged with the daughter of the actual President of the “Federazione Italiana Rugby “. So in this case is an actual conflict of interest even if could be thought as a potential one.
ReplyDeleteSports, like any other business, involve numerous financial transactions and value-in-kind trades that often tempt conflict of interest by individuals within an organization. However, more subtly in sports are the non-tangible conflicts that frequently occur.
ReplyDeleteFor example, it’s not uncommon for volunteer organizations to select a chairperson to oversee a working committee that distributes funds and/or services to a team or sport. And more often than not, somehow the organization that is affiliated with the Chair tends to receive the best financial allocation that the committee has to offer.
Another example is in team selection where the Head coach might arbitrarily pick his or her athlete to complete a relay roster position when the organization’s policy is to conduct an objective training camp to pick the team.
The prime minister of Pakistan Nawaz Shareef has given all main post of ministries to his families members.His brother is chief minister of one province.His daughter also holds main financial program.This will be the best example.
ReplyDeleteIt was apparent conflict of interest when Umberto Bossi president of one of the largest italian parties : the so known Lega Nord, wanted to gave his sons Riccardo and Renzo Bossi important roles in the party, it was potential conflict of interest when, once they have been hired they were managing the funds of the party and it became actual conflict of interest when they lost in tribunal for being sued of stealing 44 millions from the party's fund deposit, defrauding the State.
ReplyDeleteVerginel Gireada is a member of the Romanian Parliament whose wife is mayor of the Mihai Eminescu commune. Her political position can be perceived as apparent conflict of interest, for her husband could have facilitated her climb to power.
ReplyDeleteA shameless and actual conflict of interest is represented by the parliamentarian himself who demanded a great deal of money for road rehabilitation and other facilities in the locality where his wife is mayor, clearly admitting that she encouraged him to able this amendment.
from: http://www.imediaethics.org/uk-telegraph-fined-45k-for-e-mailing-readers-voting-advice/
ReplyDeleteThe UK Daily Telegraph is required to pay a fine of £30,000 (about $45,000 U.S.) after e-mailing readers back in May to tell them who to vote for in an election: “The Daily Telegraph urges its readers to vote Conservative,” the e-mail, signed by Telegraph editor Chris Evans, read in part. Subscribers had signed up to receive a daily e-bulletin (potential CoI), but by promoting an election campaign, the paper broke the rules around direct marketing (Actual CoI)
APPARENT CoI: (from http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2010-01-23/news/bal-md.professor23jan23_1_letterhead-labor-union-opinion)
A professor at the University of Maryland, College Park is facing conflict-of- interest questions after he used university letterhead to deliver a legal opinion in his role as a consultant to a labor union.
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ReplyDeletehttp://www.report.rai.it/dl/Report/puntata/ContentItem-8c351158-990e-4582-9fbd-4fb3608bd17e.html
ReplyDeleteWe have already talked about the pharmaceutical companies and their modus operandi, thinking more about their interests instead of the patient health. The italian tv programm "Report" give us a real example of how the representatives of a pharmaceutical company can sell their products to doctors offering them a lot of benifits, like donations for they hospitals or journey.
In this case the apparent conflict of interest can be represented by us, outside observers that do not have enough informations to motivate our hypothesis.
The potential conflict of interest can be represented by the director of the pharmaceutical azienda and his representatives. Both have financial interest in customers: if they are able to sell an higher number of products everytime, they will earn more.
The actual conflict of interest is, for example, the Glaxo Smith Kline case. http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/04/26/case-farmaceutiche-e-corruzione-lo-scandalo-planetario-della-glaxo-smith-kline/964564/
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ReplyDeletehttp://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/14182421.Senior_Essex_county_councillor_resigns_after__conflict_of_interest__speculation_over_major_contract/
ReplyDeleteTory Derrick Louis, a senior Essex county councillor, was accused of a conflict of interest over a multi-million pound contract award. Indeed Louis is also a non-executive chairman of Provide Community Interest Company, which is the company that has been awarded a £10 million contract to provide “lifestyle services” across Essex. This situation can be considered an apparent conflict of interest since there is an outside observes who judged the circumstance. After the charge Louis has resigned stating that he had no role in procurement or award of the contract and did not any way seek to influence the decision. However in order to protect its cabinet and colleagues he decided to step down. Apparently he did nothing so the situation can also be considered a potential conflict of interest, since the second economic interest is clear but it is not sure if this actually interfered with the decision made by the county.
http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Banca-Etruria-inchiesta-indagati-vertici-557cd4f7-4d94-4cca-8142-a85a4fe09e9a.html?refresh_ce
ReplyDeleteAfter Banca Etruria's scandal, the two leaders have been accused of conflict of interest: Rosi , the president , and Nataloni, the board member. they took advantage for their role obtaining funding that they would never obtained.
obviously it' s an actual COI
Nowadays one of the most known conflicts of interest is the one linked to Maria Elena Boschi. Since she was elected in the Italian Parliament, she was in a state of apparent conflict of interest because her father, Pierluigi Boschi, and her brother, Emanuele Boschi, were involved in the management of Banca Etruria. This conflict became potential when she approved a decree in order to save four small banks (one of them was Banca Etruria). Finally this conflict became actual when Bankitalia discovered that through this new decree, Boschi's family obteined many benefits.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteA recent case of actual conflict of interest was the one of Poste Italiane: they pushed people to make useless and inadequate investments, in order to make their proper interests; they basically did not care about the specific needs of people, but allowed their personal interests to overcome people's ones. That's why Consob fined the ex CEO Massimo Sarmi and other directors, for a total amount of 60.000 euros.
ReplyDeleteA recent case of actual conflict of interest was the one of Poste Italiane: they pushed people to make useless and inadequate investments, in order to make their proper interests; they basically did not care about the specific needs of people, but allowed their personal interests to overcome people's ones. That's why Consob fined the ex CEO Massimo Sarmi and other directors, for a total amount of 60.000 euros.
ReplyDeleteaccording to the World Bank & IFC Enterprise Surveys (2007), 37% of companies surveyed expect to give gifts to secure a government contract.
ReplyDeleteTaken from<>
An example of this is a certain company(not to be disclosed as it is personal and unpublished information) went to the government Procurement office seeking to open a holdings company in Mozambique. It took them almost 3 years and payments made had gone to no fruition. With the leadership of the right person, who knows the law and is Mozambican, the process was done in under 4 months. This comes to show that the primary interest of the government and the nation as a whole(economic growth through investment) is in constant conflict with the government officials secondary interest (personal financial enrichment). A common conflict of interest that involves a government.
Doctors Under the Influence (Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2008-06-25/doctors-under-the-influence)
ReplyDeleteIn April, four experts on smoking cessation published a paper espousing an unconventional plan for helping hard-core nicotine addicts quit. They proposed treating smokers as if they have a chronic disease akin to diabetes. Such patients should take prescription drugs for years to curb tobacco cravings, the researchers advised.
To some, the Annals paper smelled suspiciously like disease-mongering to boost pharmaceutical sales. "There's an advantage to the drug companies selling their products to smokers for a lifetime rather than for six weeks," (Apparent conflict of interest due to the existing relationship between the doctors and the pharmaceutical companies)
The Annals paper appeared around the same time that Pfizer, at the urging of the U.S. Food & Drug Administration, was strengthening warnings on Chantix's label. This timing has fueled concern that company-paid experts are trying to protect a drug with U.S. sales of more than $680 million in 2007. (Potential COI)
There is no clear actual conflict of interest mentioned in the article.
A good story is the one of the BP oil spill. In this case the conflict of interest interfered with the general purpose of the organization. The apparent conflict of interest was that they could save 1 million dollars by cutting safety corners. The potential conflict is that this types of accidents can happen if they cut safety corners. The actual conflict was that many stakeholders got affected and the company had more than 100 billion dollars in fees.
ReplyDeleteA famous case of conflict of interest is that regarding the minister Mariaelena Boschi, his father and the decree law "Salva Banche". The minister's father is the vicepresident of one of the italian banks in crisis last year, "Banca d'Etruria", and he was accused to be one of the responsable of this demage. The government intervened to save these banks. She was accused of conflict of interest because she could have wanted to save the bank where her father and her brother worked, which was also the bank where she invested a lot of money.
ReplyDeleteAccording to the antitrust, it was not a case of CoI because the minister was not present when the government voted. Thus, it was an apparent CoI because the government made the choice and she is a member of it; it could have been an actual CoI if the minister was present that day, but it remained olny a potential CoI because she chose not to vote.
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeletehttp://www.report.rai.it/dl/Report/puntata/ContentItem-1070ed3d-2ad1-4603-b826-161df3ef7fa3.html?bcsi-ac-b5f45ffb1099c547=253EDA0B000003030N2snQAOBpjCmqc51iR9ixbrcmmqBwAAAwMAACQreAAIBwAA/wEAAPZGGwA=
ReplyDeleteBehind tobacco lurks one of the most evident conflict of interest in the Italian State which earns from taxes on tobacco 74% of the cost of the package. Also the Italian State collects the percentage destined to the producer (16%) in the case where the cigarette sold are produced by the State Monopoly.
With taxes of cigarettes in 1999 they entered into Treasury funds 17 000 billion.
About waste: to make competitive business structure ETI had to make numerous pruning staff by closing some factories. As stated by the leaders of the ETI in Italy 14 plants produced as much as is produced in a single plant of Philip Morris in Holland. Now the factories almost halved and the employees had to move elsewhere. It is often said by the industry that tobacco "creates job".
But what about health?
The State evidently prefers immediate revenue without regard to healthcare costs and long-term smoking habit It causes. Among treatments for cancer, asthma, bronchitis and workdays lost health spending determined by smoking amounts to about 17,000 billion a year, which is more or less the amount that the state collects in taxes on cigarettes.
The hypocrisy of the State is obvious when there are interests that clash: a government entity produces and speculate on something that damages the health.
This Conflict of interest by the State could be considered as apparent from the outside observers, so the people. From the State point of view the fact to earn money at the expense of people health is seen as a potential CoI, but the fact that the production of cigarettes and the spread of tobacco in general is increasing day by day , show us that the State has an actual Conflict of interest in carrying on this production.
It was apparent conflict of interest when Silvio Berlusconi, media tycoon, sought to become prime minister of Italy because some external observer noted that he had a lot of businesses involved with public authorities.
ReplyDeleteIt was potential conflict of interest when he became prime minister because every potential action he could have taken would have seen the involvement of his companies.
Became actual conflict when he started the reform of TV broadcasters because he was at the same time on both side of the table
ReplyDeletea case of conflict is the question of where parmalat The Court of Parma puts his finger in the conflicts of interest of Mediobanca in Collecchio . The complete picture of the work in the affair Parmalat emerges from new excerpts published by ANSA conclusions ordinance with which the end of March the judge had taken a number of measures to protect the company , in fact the disputed purchase of 904 million dollars of Lactalis American Group ( Lag ) who saw Lactalis play simultaneously on two tables , the seller and the buyer , Parmalat , of which he is the largest shareholder . In this mess , noted the judges , Mediobanca would not have to be in the game , as it was eligible to be an independent consultant to Parmalat as " could not they felt independent " than the seller .
This is a case of potential conflict of interest because the major shareholder of Parlamat interfered with the sale of shares.
As suggested by "Complotti", the TV program conducted by Giuseppe Cruciani already known for his activity on Radio 24, Welfare Minister Maurizio Sacconi would have a conflict of interest.
ReplyDeleteEnrica Giorgetti, his wife, would now be at the head of Farmindustria. Association, already linked to Confindustria, in which there are more than 200 companies operating in the pharmaceutical sector.
The links between the Minister of Welfare and Farmindustria would in fact caused the dismissal of Nello Martini, responsible for the state Italian AIFA (the Italian Medicines Agency).
Martini, as a result of an investigation conducted by the prosecutor Guariniello, had been suspended from office because he had not updated the leaflets (as they call the instructions in the medical packaging) of twenty products on the market.
After a series of expert reports conducted by the Ministry of Health and Institute of Health, which repudiated the claims made by the consultant to the magistrate, Martini had been acquitted. Therefore he continued to carry on business until the dismissal decided by Sacconi.
The work of the creator of AIFA, as evidenced by a number of journalists, had allowed the reduction of the public expenditure provided by the state for drugs. Martini for example decided to increase the so called generic medicines.
Even the foreign press has dealt with this case. According to "Nature", a distinguished scientific publication, the disappearance of Martini is also due to the special relationship between the current Minister and Farmindustria.
I'm going to give an example:
ReplyDeleteI'm the CEO of an azienda and I decide to hire my niece (APPARENT CoI)--> now: 1.) my niece has all the right competences to perform the task for which he's going to be hired, or 2.) he's generally qualified but maybe he's not the perfect person for that task, but he needs to work because he has economic problems (POTENTIAL CoI), 3.) he's definitely not qualified for the job and he doesn't have the adequate skills (ACTUAL CoI).
an apparent conflict of interest is that of minister Boschi, now also shareholder in bank of Etruria and Lazio, institution that has made a leap 0f 66% on the stock Exchange as a result of leaked ads, to open markets, from palazzo Chigi on the reform of major banks regulated by capitario vote. it wasn't enough to know dad her father is vice-president of popular of Etruria, credit intermediary in which works as well her Brother. now it turns out that there is also a direct interest form Maria Elena Boschi in the institute.
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ReplyDeletehttp://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204555904577167251792053494
ReplyDeleteJerry Yang è is the co-founder di Yahoo! he owns 3,6% of Yahoo! and he has a position as "Chief Yahoo", but he has been accused of wanting to find personally a buyer, by one of the main shareholder, Danie Loeb which owns 5,2 % of Yahoo. By doing so Yang could take the control of the firm, making a deal with the new buyer, but as CEO he cannot be the seller and the buyer, at the same time. Fort this reason his resignations was requested. This is a case of potential conflict of interest.
http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204555904577167251792053494
ReplyDeleteJerry Yang è is the co-founder di Yahoo! he owns 3,6% of Yahoo! and he has a position as "Chief Yahoo", but he has been accused of wanting to find personally a buyer, by one of the main shareholder, Danie Loeb which owns 5,2 % of Yahoo. By doing so Yang could take the control of the firm, making a deal with the new buyer, but as CEO he cannot be the seller and the buyer, at the same time. Fort this reason his resignations was requested. This is a case of potential conflict of interest.
http://www.ilvelino.it/it/article/2015/06/10/de-luca-m5s-scrive-esposto-a-cantone-e-antitrust-renzi-in-conflitto-di/44671c2f-a35e-4c13-bd5f-7e8fa5534052/
ReplyDeleteThe Italian prime Minister, Matteo Renzi, is involved in an actual conflict of interest about the candidacy of the President of the region Campania: Vincenzo De Luca. In fact Renzi has to sign the suspension of the Law Severino but he is, at the same time, the promoter of De Luca's political campaign as president of the region. De Luca won the regional elections but has also been declared "unpresentable" from the law Severino by the fact that he overthrew his power during his past duty as mayor of Salerno. This is why the italian political party "Movimento 5 Stelle" asked for the resign of De Luca and for new regional elections.
The minister Maria Elena Boschi was firstly accused to have generated a situation of conflict of interest, because of a goverment's decree which allowed the rescue of the four banks through a Resolution fund worth 3.6 billion euros funded by 3 healthy credit institutes. Among these 4 banks there was even Bank Etruria, where the father of minister Boschi had been vice-president. This situation was analized by the Antitrust authority which actually turned out that it was just an apparent conflict of interest, as minister Boschi was absent in the meetings related to the approvement of the provisions, in particular she was absent on the 11th of november 2015, with the decree rescue-banks.
ReplyDeleteIn a nationally important workplace ethics case, Hewlett-Packard company's, successful CEO, Mark Hurd, (now former H-P CEO), became embroiled in workplace ethics issues. The public statement from the company indicated that Mr. Hurd left because he violated the company’s expected standards of conduct.
ReplyDeleteCathie Lesjak, H-P's chief financial officer, who was appointed interim CEO until the company found a permanent replacement for Mr. Hurd, asked employees “to remain ‘focused’ and said ‘Mark had failed to disclose a close personal relationship he had with the contractor that constituted a conflict of interest (potential conflict of interest), failed to maintain accurate expense reports (apparent conflict of interest), and misused company assets (actual conflict of interest).’”
http://humanresources.about.com/od/businessethics/qt/workplace-ethics.htm
http://corporateeurope.org/power-lobbies/2015/06/meps-industry-payroll-potential-conflicts-interest-persist-eu-parliament-new
ReplyDeletePotential conflicts of interest continue to plague the European Parliament. Various reports present nine cases of MEPs who hold paid positions in companies or business associations while holding public offices that directly or indirectly interfere with EU decision-making regarding legislative issues. The cases include parliamentarians from Poland, Italy, Germany, Belgium, France, the UK, Denmark and Austria, some of which had already given rise to concerns in the last parliamentary term. Within these, we surely find the case of Renato Soru, President and CEO of Tiscaly. It definitely appears as a potential conflict of interest and there are chances that it could become apparent. His clear commercial interests could undermine the integrity that his representative position presumes.
Professor Minka at the Europian University of Tirana has been doing a side job of technology guidance for profit at Company CRR. (apparent conflict of interest )
ReplyDeleteResponding to a request from company CRR, he received permission from the University to offer the guidance every Wednesday afternoon, but he began to frequently change his class schedule.(potential conflict of interest)
He ended up giving priority to his side job, canceling classes, and missing staff and/or committee meetings.(actual conflict of interest)
Actual conflict of interest:
ReplyDeleteJohn is participating in a design that requires 100000 bolts. For the past 100 years,John's family has owned a company ,Jay Co,John's stock in Jay Co will increase by 20%.John specifies that jay Co bolts,even though they are not the best for design.
Potential conflict of interest:
john is engaged to veronica,whose family has owned Jay Co,If john marries veronica he will immediately become a major stakeholder in Jay Co. If he specifies bolts in his designs manufactured by Jay Co, he will benefit financially.
Apparent Conflict of Interest:
John marries veronica,but he and veronica have a fight with her family and divest themselves of all holdings in Jay Co .this Divestiture is public knowledge,but Rachel does not know about it .Rachel employs john to design a building for her.john specifies bolts that can only be manufactured by Jay Co,because he believes they are the best for the building,even though he prefers not to give the business to Jay Co. Rachel accuses John of conflict of interest.
Actual conflict of interest:
ReplyDeleteJohn is participating in a design that requires 100000 bolts. For the past 100 years,John's family has owned a company ,Jay Co,John's stock in Jay Co will increase by 20%.John specifies that jay Co bolts,even though they are not the best for design.
Potential conflict of interest:
john is engaged to veronica,whose family has owned Jay Co,If john marries veronica he will immediately become a major stakeholder in Jay Co. If he specifies bolts in his designs manufactured by Jay Co, he will benefit financially.
Apparent Conflict of Interest:
John marries veronica,but he and veronica have a fight with her family and divest themselves of all holdings in Jay Co .this Divestiture is public knowledge,but Rachel does not know about it .Rachel employs john to design a building for her.john specifies bolts that can only be manufactured by Jay Co,because he believes they are the best for the building,even though he prefers not to give the business to Jay Co. Rachel accuses John of conflict of interest.
Actual Conflict of Interest
ReplyDeleteAn actual conflict of interest arises in which a CARRA member has or would have official responsibilities with an outside organization with which the CARRA member has a financial interest (his/her own or an interest that is imputed to the CARRA member) or affiliation. Such a situation puts the CARRA member in the position of having an official responsibility or action which could directly influence his or her own financial interests or those interests that are imputed to him or her (financial interests of spouse, minor children, outside employers, and other entities).
Apparent Conflict of Interest
An apparent conflict of interest arises when a CARRA member is involved in a particular matter involving specific outside parties (including individuals and corporate entities) and the circumstances are such that a reasonable person with knowledge of the relevant facts would question the the CARRA member's impartiality in the matter.
In a very big retail company there is a department called Business Team which provides services and discount for business costumers. It is a very hard work and Business employees should have adequate skills to do it. If one business manager fall in love of one girl working in an other department( adequate for her skills) and he tries to carry her in they department we can talk of potential conflict of interest.
ReplyDeleteIn the other hand we talk about actual COI if the girl, without adequate skills, enjoys the Business team.
We consider apparent COI if the manager talks a lot with her during work’s hours
Toronto Mayor Rob Ford
ReplyDeleteThe judge ruled that Ford had violated the Municipal Conflict of Interest Act by participating in a city council vote about his own fine for violating the council's code of conduct, which had been imposed because he solicited donations for his football charity using city materials.
(actual)
Conflict of interest http://news.yahoo.com/outgoing-un-libya-envoy-accused-conflict-interest-201520094.html
ReplyDeleteLibya's unrecognised government Thursday accused UN envoy Bernardino Leon of a conflict of interest after he negotiated a high-paying job in Abu Dhabi while trying to defuse the Libyan crisis.
I think this can be defined as an actual conflict of interest since Leon accepted the job in Abu Dhabi while he was working for the UN .
Suppose that we work in a firm which is directed by Mr. Brown. One day a new employee is placed in the staff. The colleagues find out that the new member is named Brown. In this case we have an APPARENT CoI, that's because the staff might suppose that the boss is a parent of the colleague. If this is actually true, we have a POTENTIAL CoI, in facts the boss may have hired the new employee because is a parent. Finally, if this would be true, we'd be facing an ACTUAL CoI.
ReplyDeleteA magazine editor is asked to freelance for the magazine of a competing institution. (This is a potential conflict between an institutional representative and the institution.)
ReplyDeleteFor the apparent kinf of the COI, I found this on the net, which is short and understandable : X Company is considering using Y Company as a supplier, because Y offers the best goods on the best terms. But Y is owned and operated by A, whose twin brother A Plus is a senior manager of X. A Plus has nothing to do with purchasing anything for X and rigorous controls are put in place at X to ensure that he doesn’t in any way help Y in its dealings with X.
An actual COI could be for example where there is an article about your city on Wikipedia, and you edit some information to the wrong but "based on your own interest" information.
The italian Minister of Costiututional Reforms Maria Elena Boschi is the vicepresident's daughter of Banca Popolare dell'Etruria and Lazio, her Brother also works in this bank. For that reason she bought 1557 shares. This is a clear example of actual conflict of interest because even if she knew that she was a Minister she had an opportunistic behaviour and the second interest prevailed on the primary.
ReplyDeleteAn example of actual conflict of interest is the one related to uca Cordero di Montezemolo: in fact he is both the President of Alitalia and a stockholder of Ntv (an italian private open access operator of high-speed trains), two companies competing in the same transport industry.
ReplyDeleteIn 2012, the FCA's predecessor the Financial Services Authority (FSA) found that Angela Burns had "failed to act with integrity" in her role as a non-executive director at two mutual societies while at the same time notifying an investment manager in the US that she had previously provided with consultancy work of potential business opportunities with the mutuals.
ReplyDeleteThis is a case of actual COI and moreover it is also a case of corruption.
This is a possible potential conflict of interest story abound in Tesla Motors’ bid to acquire SolarCity.
ReplyDeletehttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/5eff8a7c05024bcd85a3d6843432d53e/apparent-conflicts-interest-may-dog-tesla-solarcity-deal
The CEO of Tesla Motors, Musk, has offered to buy SolarCity where he himself is the chairman. The SolarCity’s CEO is Musk’s first cousin. Musk has been accused for self-dealing and nepotism. The investors have been questioning whether Musk’s professions of ethics and objectives are sincere or just for show.